Journal of Nano Structures
Volume:13 Issue: 1, Winter 2023

Both men and women with diabetes are known to experience reduced fertility and poor reproductive health. Diabetes can negatively affect an organ’s structure and function, including the ovary. Recent investigations have identified magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs), one of the magnesium derivatives, as a strong anti-diabetic agent. In addition, the fertility hormones progesterone and estrogen are balanced by magnesium. Therefore, in the current study, the effects of MgO and MgONPs on the ovary in diabetic NMRI mice were compared. Using a randomization process, 50 female NMRI mice were placed into five groups: control, sham (physiological serum), diabetic (streptozotocin/STZ=50 mg/kg, intraperitoneal/IP), diabetic receiving MgO (25 mg/kg), and diabetic receiving MgONPs (25 mg/kg). After treatment for three weeks, every animal blood glucose and body weight were measured. The ovaries were detached following euthanasia, weighed, and then submerged in an appropriate fixative. According to the results, diabetes had no influence on the number of ovarian follicles, such as primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles, as well as follicular diameter. However, it did diminish the number of primordial follicles and corpus luteum (CL) (p<0.05). MgO supplementation prevented a decrease in the number of primordial follicles and CL (p<0.05). Administration of MgONPs prevented the loss of primordial follicles and also enhanced the quantity of CL (p<0.05). As a result, it is possible to draw the conclusion that MgONPs, as opposed to MgO, may have higher inhibiting and stimulating effects on folliculogenesis.

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is an optical technique that can be used for sensitive optical sensor and biosensor applications. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors consisting of alternate layers of gold (Au) and Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin film have been proposed as a high sensitivity property. Simulation analysis (in Matlab program) has been made for SPR of gold layer with thickness (10, 30 and 50 nm) and (TiO2) layer with different eight thicknesses (from 10 to 100 nm), which deposited on high refractive index glasses (N_LASF9 glass prism), while the final sensing medium is the air. The analysis achieved for different wavelengths in the visible band (500-700 nm) and different refractive index (0, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.12). The properties of SPR angle θSPR have been calculated from the incident angle θSPR plot. The SPR sensitivity (S) calculated within this study. The results show that the best sensitivity and maximum sensitivity is (116.66) for thickness TiO2=40 nm, and thickness Au =50 nm at wavelength 700 nm. for the studied refractive index.

This study investigated the removal of copper from aqueous solutions using manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) nanoparticles as a suitable and new adsorbent. For this purpose, manganese ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized by the co-precipitation method, and the effect of pH parameter, contact time, adsorbent concentration, as well as the influence of initial concentration on the copper adsorption process in the batch system were studied. To determine the properties of manganese ferrite nanoparticles, a scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction device, and infrared spectrometer were used. The results showed that the average size of these nanoparticles was between 30 and 50 nm. Moreover, it was indicated that by increasing the pH of the aqueous solution from 3 to 7, the adsorption capacity of copper increased so that at an optimal pH of 7, the adsorption rate reached more than 99%. Furthermore, increasing the contact time and the amount of adsorbent increased the removal efficiency, and the results revealed that with increasing the concentration of copper, the adsorption capacity increased. In the study of adsorption isotherms, the experimental data showed more agreement with the Freundlich model with an adsorption capacity of more than 199 mg/g. In addition, the data obtained for the adsorbent indicated that the copper adsorption follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. In general, the results of this study showed that the use of manganese dioxide nanoparticles is a suitable method with a high potential for removing copper from aqueous solutions.

One kind of frequently utilized nanomaterials is aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3NPs). However, nothing is known about the teratogenicity and toxicity of Al2O3NPs in mammals. The goal of the current investigation was to determine whether this nanoparticle had teratogenic effects in albino mice during various stages of pregnancy. During this experimental study, 48 female albino mice were selected. Four experimental groups and two control groups were created by random selection among the subjects. Pregnant mice received an oral gavage dose of 8 mg/kg of Al2O3 solution from the first week through the 18th day of pregnancy. Al2O3NPs were administered orally to the first, second, and third groups solely during the first, second, and third weeks, respectively, and to the fourth group throughout the entire pregnancy. The fourth group received gavage mixed with a solvent in contrast to the control group, which received municipal water without gavage. The fetuses were removed from the fallopian tubes on the 18th day of pregnancy, and the morphological abnormalities, weight, height and head circumference of the fetuses were recorded. One-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, and chi-square statistic were used for data analysis in SPSS version 23.0. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Observations showed that teratogenic effects were more prominent in the group that was exposed to Al2O3NPs in the second week. The findings of this study demonstrate that Al2O3NPs have teratogenic and harmful effects in mammals.

In this project, experimental investigations were performed to measure the bio-kinetic parameters of the sulfide removal using an activated sludge bioreactor (ASBR) in the presence of nanoparticles. For this aim, silica nanoparticles (NPs) and exfoliated graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were synthesized and characterized using FTIR, XRD, and TEM analysis. Then, three types of bioreactor systems, including activated sludge without nanoparticles (AS), in the presence of SiO2 NPs, and GO nanosheets, were utilized for different ranges of sulfide concentrations. The variation of pH values in the ASBR systems was investigated during the kinetic experiments. Respirometry tests were employed to calculate the maximum yield factor (Y) and endogenous decay coefficient (kd) in Monod’s model and the maximum cell growth rate during the sulfide removal. Moreover, different kinetic models, including Monod, first-order, second-order, Moser, and Contois, were compared. The values of the R2 coefficient (0.992, 0.927, and 0.976 for AS, SiO2, and GO bioreactor systems, respectively) showed that the Monod model was appropriately fitted with the experimental data, and the SiO2 sample had the best condition for both sulfide removal and biomass growth and GO sample had the worst performance.

In present work TiO2/In2S3/Cu and TiO2/In2S3/Ag nanocomposites were prepared as a highly efficient photocatalyst. In this design, TiO2/In2S3/Ag and TiO2/In2S3/Cu composites enjoy both co-sensitizer and plasmonic effects. TiO2/In2S3/Cu nanocomposites and TiO2/In2S3/Ag nanocomposites were applied to purify wastewater containing Rhodamine B, Methyl orange, Acid Black 1, and Acid Brown 214. TiO2/In2S3/Cu nanocomposites and TiO2/In2S3/Ag nanocomposites show significant improvement in degradation efficiency compared to the bare TiO2. As-prepared TiO2/In2S3/Cu and TiO2/In2S3/Ag nanocomposites were characterized by different methods such as XRD, EDX, and SEM.

The present study aimed at the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by using aloe Vera leaves extract. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) synthesized by the green method have shown several applications such as biomedical, anticancer, etc. Measurement of the size of silver nanoparticles by AFM (showing an average diameter of 54 nm), XRD and FE-SEM analyses. Four different concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 200 µg/ml) were prepared from the synthesized Ag NPs and examined for their antibacterial efficacy against both E.coli Furthermore, pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using MTT assays on (TCP -1013) cancer cell lines. As shown by the results, Ag NPs inhibit bacterial growth over the concentration range evaluated. High cytotoxicity against the investigated cancer cell line was also seen with all doses of Ag NPs tested, corroborating the antibacterial activity findings. There was a dosage relationship between Ag NPs antibacterial and anticancer properties.

This paper deals with the effect of adding a TiO2 thin film as a planar defect to a one-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) consisting of [Si/SiO2] stacks. Theoretical calculations were carried out based on the 2×2 transfer matrix method (TMM) using MATLAB software in order to engineer the photonic band gap (PBG). The defect was considered as a variation in the refractive index, so that its presence in the structure leads to the breaking of the symmetry, creating a transmission peak (TP) in the forbidden band. In addition, the amplitude and location of TP can be shifted by changing physical parameters such as the functional wavelength range, thickness of layers, defect layer thickness, and angle of incidence. The results demonstrate that it is possible to arbitrarily engineer the transmission spectrum by changing the aforementioned parameters. Finally, two gaps are induced in the visible and infrared wavelength bands using an innovative and relatively symmetric structure. Through simple calculations, the location of the TPs can be appropriately engineered and adjusted. Importantly, [Si/SiO2]3/TiO2/[Si/SiO2]3/Si3N4 PC structure with three adjustable TPs is designed, which can be used for band pass filter applications.

Elettaria cardamomum is a spice that used in treatment of several diseases in traditional medicine. Selenium nanoparticles were synthesized using the aqueous extract of E. cardamomum dried plant to evaluate their phytochemical constituents, antioxidant, anticancer and hemolytic activity. This research provided biologically active and cost-effective selenium nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticle solutions were characterized using UV-visible spectrophotometer, zeta potential analysis, and transmission electron microscope. Phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins content decreased in the prepared nanoparticles than the main extract that prove the utilization of these groups in the synthesis of nanoparticles and the decrease in antioxidant activity in the prepared nanosolution than the main extract using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. The synthesized nanomaterial and E. cardamomum extract were tested for their anticancer activity using 6 tumor and one normal cell lines. The synthesized nano-selenium using E. cardamomum expressed good cytotoxic potency against tumor cell lines of HePG-2 with an IC50 of 23.33 µg/ml followed by HeLa (IC50 = 27.59 µg/ml), HeP2 ( IC50 = 31.04 µg/ml), HCT-116 of moderate or less potency ( IC50 = 37.36 µg/ml), PC3 of moderate or less potency (IC50 = 38.68 µg/ml) and WI-38 that expressed the lowest activity (IC50 = 52.91 µg/ml), respectively.   In addition, all the samples showed weak cytotoxic activities against the normal lung fibroblast cell line. E. cardamomum extracts and its synthesized selenium nano-solution were non/less toxic to human erythrocytes. The results confirmed the improved biological characteristics of selenium nanoparticles formulated with E. cardamomum.

In this study, a simple and novel supercritical dryer system was designed to drying of wet gel, aiming for the removal of the high energy-consumption equipment such as pump and strong compressor. The system is capable to provide the supercritical state in the fluid, only using the control of thermodynamic conditions. To ensure the proper efficiency of the developed dryer system, the silica aerogel was successfully derived from tetraethyl orthosilicate as starting material of silica. The amorphous phase of silica was identified by XRD analysis. The specific surface area and average pore size were measured at about 659 m2/g and 22 nm, respectively, via the BET method. The N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm curve shows the type IV isotherm, indicating the mesoporous structure with cylindrical and capillary pores. The bulk density and porosity were measured at about 0.11 g/cm3 and 95%, respectively. The TEM and FESEM micrographs indicate porous and interconnected structures along with open mesopores in the range of 10-30 nm. These results confirm the proper efficiency and performance of the designed supercritical dryer system.

This work is based on the density function theory (DFT) and time-dependent density function theory methods (TD-DFT) to investigate the density of states (DOS), FT-IR spectra, electro-optical and thermal, properties of Ga-doped Graphene molecule (GM). The Graphene molecule structure is found to be exhibiting semiconductor activity in a pure state with a wide band gap of 3.92301 eV. The defect of Graphene molecule with Ga has been demonstrated to depress the band gap values of GM structure significantly as a result of calculations. The electronic characteristics of graphene in its ground state and low-lying excited states may change based on the structural characteristics of Ga impurity in the GM structure. The results indicate that the electrical characteristics of GM are influenced by the geometrical distribution of Ga impurities in the GM structure. The consequences of Ga impurity are discussed for both GM ground and excited electronic states of GM are explored.

In the current research, a hydrothermal synthesis was used to create a nanocomposite of titanium dioxide (TiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) for use in possible environmental applications. With the assistance of calcination at temperatures of 400 and 800 degrees Celsius, direct hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2-Al2O3/MoO3 powder was effectively accomplished in the presence of ethanol at low pH values at 70 degrees Celsius. The zeta potential and dynamic light scattering techniques, together with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were utilized in order to evaluate the physicochemical features of the nanoparticles (DLS). Additionally, energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) was utilized in order to do an element distribution analysis on the nanocomposite that was manufactured. According to the findings, a TiO2-Al2O3/MoO3 nanocomposite with an average crystal size of 36.1 nm was successfully manufactured. According to the findings, the new features of this nanocomposite have the potential to be utilized in the development of future environmental applications.

Rice bran, abundant in rice-producing countries, contains lots of silica. In this study, we recycled silica nanoparticles from rice bran ash. Then we used them to enhance the hydrophobicity of cotton fabrics. According to X-ray fluorescence (XRF) results, the recycled nanosilica had high purity (95%). The obtained results from Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) showed the structure and morphology of the powder. The particle size of the extracted nanoparticles was around 48 nm. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern showed that the extracted nanosilica has an amorphous structure. Images of Thermal Emission Microscopy (TEM) also indicated that the nanosilica has an amorphous structure. Then, the cotton fabric hydrophobicity was enhanced using siloxane compounds and recycled nanosilica. The emersion method was employed to apply the nanosilica and siloxane compounds on the fabric’s surface. (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) EDS examinations showed that the silica nanoparticles were evenly distributed on the surface of the cotton fabric. The water contact angle was 141, meaning that the extracted nanosilica has enhanced the hydrophobicity of cotton fabric.

The present work is a detailed study of the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)  PEDOT:PSS films, were made to undergo different treatments to examine how they affected morphology, conductivity, transmittance, as well as the relative effect of the way the organic photovoltaic devices performed. This was done by using the PCPDTBT:PC71BM:SWCNTs and PCPDTBT:PC61BM mixtures. The process involves using DMSO and EG solvents for doping PEDOT:PSS and separately exposing the films to the vapour of ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solvent. After doping solvent was added to the PEDOT:PSS solution, , the conductivity and transmittance of PEDOT:PSS experienced a substantial increment, after which solvent treatment was performed by subjecting these films to NH4OH solvent. When devices were doped using PCPDTBT:PC71BM:SWCNTs or PCPDTBT:PC61BM with power conversion efficiency, The optimal organic photovoltaic devices achieved a 3.68%  as compared to 2.20% for pristine PV devices or 2.67% instead of 1.51%  for pristine devices, respectively. The solvent treatment played a significant part in enhancing conductivity in PEDOT:PSS films.

In this paper, we designed a batch experimental protocol for the effect of groundwater TDS on the stability of prepared nanoemulsified oils by artificially simulating the preparation of natural groundwater and characterizing the dynamic changes of nanoemulsified oil particle size, backscattered light flux, photon free range, and peak thickness under the influence of TDS using dynamic light dispersion and multiple light dispersion techniques, respectively. The stability of nanoemulsified oil was positively affected by TDS at 400, 600 and 1000 mg/L. The TSI increased and then decreased with the increase of TDS, and the stability of nanoemulsified oil increased by 63.70 %, 57.53 % and 15.07 % compared to the blank sample, respectively. The instability of the top instability zone of nanoemulsified oil was mainly influenced by droplet floating and aggregation, while the decrease of the volume fraction of nanoemulsified oil in the bottom instability zone caused by the influence of floating was the main reason for its instability. Compared with the blank sample, the experimental design of TDS inhibited the floating phenomenon of nanoemulsified oil and the aggregation of droplets, and gradually weakened with increasing concentration. 400 mg/L sample reduced the two instability factors by 87.5% and 87.2%, respectively. Therefore, the appropriate groundwater TDS can weaken the Brownian motion and reduce the upwelling and aggregation phenomena, which can positively affect the stability of nanoemulsified oil and facilitate the migration of nanoemulsified oil in porous media.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) has a wide range of applications. Green synthesis is an alternative to traditional physical and chemical methods of synthesis. Green nanoparticle synthesis is gaining popularity due to its low cost, reduced use of toxic chemicals, and broad antitumor activity. In this paper, we describe the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using different ways for synthesis and study the effect on different cancer cell lines. X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope analysis were used to assess the purity, particle size, and morphological structure of synthesized ZnONPs. However, because nanoparticles have a small crystallite size, they appear to have uneven structures, such as spongy and flower-shaped particles. The nanoparticles obtained have good anticancer activity. This research will lead to the development of a new method of cost-effective synthesis and the reduction of chemical usage in future studies.

Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Although there are many treatment techniques, these methods still have many limitations. Nanotechnology is rapidly growing and flourishing in the field of diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. The antibacterial and anticancer properties of nanoparticles (NPs) have made them promising for the treatment of diseases. In this study, manganese dioxide (MnO2) NPs are green-synthesized by the cumin extract as a regenerator and stabilizer in a co-precipitation method. The synthesized NPs are then composited with the Hypercom perforatum plant. In order to characterize the structure and morphology of MnO2 NPs, XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TEM analyses are performed. MnO2 NPs composited with the Hypericum plant were tested for their antibacterial efficacy against strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The MTT cytotoxicity assay was used to assess the anticancer effects of MnO2 NPs composited with the Hypericum plant. In this instance, it was looked into how the NPs affected the human Hela cervical cancer cell line and the cancerous fibroblast cells. Based on these results, MnO2 NPs can damage Hela cells without damaging healthy cells. This investigation can provide fundamental insights for understanding the antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of these NPs and point out their applicability for use in the biomedical field.

In this work, a novel synthesis procedure was reported for the preparation of zinc oxide/liquid crystal nanohybrid. Also, the pure zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized through a hydrothermal route. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H- NMR), X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to analyze the structural and morphological characteristics of processed samples. The SEM images reveal that prepared zinc oxide has a uniform shape and size with an average of 58nm in diameter. It is found that the morphology of zinc oxide nanoparticles changes to cubic.  The Nematic mesophases of Dimeric LCs were examined and described using a combination of two analytical methods polarized optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Except for compound 5h, which forms SmA mesophases throughout a heating and cooling cycle, most compounds display Nematic mesophases. The optical properties of prepared liquid crystals were investigated via photoluminescence analysis in various solvents. The results showed that zinc oxide/liquid crystal nanohybrid has sufficient Pl spectrum that leads to the application of this nanohybrid in some optoelectronic applications such as cameras, medical devices, safety equipment and industrial equipment.

Adsorption of lead ions Pb (II), Chromium ions Cr (III) and Cadmium ions Cd (II) using the polyurethane grafted on the iron oxide nanoparticles (PU-MNPs) has been investigated in the current study. The adsorbent was characterized using a variability of techniques counting Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Thermogravimetric Analysis & Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TGA& DSC). Different parameters were investigated to obtain the best results such as pH, contact time, the concentration of initial metals and temperature. In regards to the pH parameter, the highest adsorption rates were obtained at pH of 6, 7, and 5 for Pb (II), Cr (III) and Cd (II) respectively. In terms of the contact time, the minimum contact time was 60 min, 30 min and 45 min for Pb (II), Cr (III) and Cd (II) respectively. The initial concentration was 250 mg/g of each studied ion (Pb (II), Cr (III) and Cd (II)). The 300 agitation rpm speed at temperature 25 ± 2Cᵒ. were 70%, 76% and 73% for Lead, Chromium and Cadmium ions respectively. The results showed that the adsorption for the three investigated ions Pb (II), Cr (III) and Cd (II) followed the Lankemere and Freundlich equations., and the maximum adsorption of Cd (II)> Cr (III)> Pb (II).

Due to their optical characteristics, nanomaterials like WS2 monolayer are of huge importance in in photonic sensors and photovoltaic elements. Here, we propose designing a multi-layer structure based on metal and spacer layer to enhance light absorption of WS2 monolayer. The transfer matrix method is employed to study the optical characteristics of the structure. The maximum increase of absorption is observed when the spacer is inserted between metal and WS2 monolayer. Optimizing the thicknesses of the spacer and metal layer, which is chosen among Au, Ag, Cu, and Al, increases the light absorption of WS2 monolayer at a specific wavelength. The increase in the absorption of all of the four metals at the wavelength of 619 nm is almost equal (About 62%) but the amount of absorption of Au and Cu is higher than that of other metals in the visible range and absorption above 80% is observed only in these two metals. The results of this study provide new prospects for preparing high-performance optoelectronic devices

Normal Spinel Zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4 or ZnO.Fe2O3) nanoparticle has been synthesized as a dark reddish brown powder using precipitation method. The solvothermal method assisted the preparation route using ethanol at 180 oC for 90 min. The non-ionic surfactant Hexamethylenetetramine (hexamine) is employed as a capping agent, stabilizer and template. The XRD datum demonstrated the ZnFe2O4 peaks were embedded in an amorphous matrix giving broad peaks with a small mean crystal size (16.98 nm). The SEM analysis revealed the ZnFe2O4 was found to be homogenous agglomerated like-cauliflower, with particle size 27.78 nm. The EDX analysis evidence the ZnFe2O4 was purely prepared from Zn, Fe and O in wt % equal 100. The FT-IR analysis proved the ZnFe2O4 nanoparticle is synthesis as a normal spinel type, and found two reasonable peaks of M-O bond  in crystal lattices of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticle first for (Fe3+ -O2-) octahedral site and the other for (Zn2+- O2-) tetrahedral sits for. The band gap found to be 2.10 eV as an indirect band gap. The best dose of spinel to decolorize alkali blue 4B dye was 0.025 g/ 100 mL with efficiency 97.3 % at 30 min. The high increased in ZnFe2O4 dose leads to the screen effect. The photodecolorization of dye obeys to pseudo-first order, and the activation energy is found to be 47.689 kJ/mol at temperature raged (15-35) oC. This photoreaction is endothermic and non-spontaneous that attributed to the raise in the solvation of the transition state between dye and hydroxyl radical.

Scientists and chemists have recently become quite interested in the green production of silver nanoparticles. In this regard, Indian flora is still holding back a plethora of resources for inexpensive, non-hazardous lowering and stabilizing substances used in the production of silver nanoparticles. The current research highpoints the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles by employing Azadirachta indica extract and antibacterial use of synthesized silver nanoparticles towards multi-drug resistant super bugs by well-diffusion method. UV-visible spectroscopy study depicted a stronger peak. Silver ions are reduced utilizing the extracts of Azadirachta indica and silver nitrate as the reducing agent. Ultra Violet-Visible Spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction, Scanning- and Transmission electron microscope are used to analyze the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles. These underwent in-vitro testing for antibacterial effectiveness against microorganisms that are resistant to many medications. Mostly, silver nanoparticles are found to be spherical, crystal shape, and ranged in size from 2 to 50 nm, according to scanning and transmission electron microscope study. Silver nanoparticles may show to be a viable alternative in the production of pharmaceutical goods and medical equipment that could aid in preventing the spread of infections that are multi-drug resistant. Overall, the synthesized silver nanoparticles are benign to release to the ecosystem and may be used in procedures for pollution cleanup.

Fe3O4@nano-cellulose/B(III) was synthesized as natural based super paramagnetic nano-catalyst and characterized by FT-IR, VSM, XRD, XRF, BET, FESEM, TEM, TGA and EDS(EDX) techniques. Natural base of this nano magnetic catalysis is nano-cellulose which prepared from hydrolysis of glucoside linkage of cotton cellulose. Bis-amides can be easily transformed into other functionalities and also, used for the synthesis of pharmacological materials such as peptidomimetic compounds. In this work, Fe3O4@nano-cellulose/B(III) was successfully applied to the synthesis of N,N’-alkylidenebisamides derivatives via one-pot three-component condensation reaction of various aldehydes and amides. N,N’-alkylidenebisamides have been prepared under solvent-free conditions at 70 °C. The super paramagnetic catalyst was removed from reaction mixture by an external magnet without any filtration. The structure of obtained products were investigated by FTIR (ATR), 1H-NMR and 13C NMR. All of the reactions proceeded in high yields and in short reaction times. This method offers several advantages including recyclability of catalyst, easy work-up, excellent yields and short reaction time.

In this current research work, hydrogel composite polymer of sodium alginate-g-(polyacrylicacid-co-Sodium4-vinylbenzenesulfonate)/zinic oxide hydrogel (SA-g-(PAAc-co-VBS)/ZnO has been synthesized to be an efficient adsorbent for cationic dye namely crystal violet (CV). The physicochemical properties of the synthesized compound were identified via several characterization techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Transmission electron microscopes (TEM). The adsorption kinetics and equilibrium isotherm of (SA-g-(PAAC-co-VBS)/ZnO towards CV removal were best fitted the pseudo-first-order and Freundlich isotherm models respectively (Qe =956.56 mg/g ) at optimum condition temperatures 30 oC, Conc.= 200 mg. L-1, pH= 6.6, and weight of surface 0.04 g/100 ml. Recyclability and Desorption studies indicated the best recycling performance at 3 cycles of using (SA-g-(PAAC-co-VBS)/ZnO), with a significant efficiency >80%. Depend on the results, the synthesized SA-g-(PAAc-co-VBS)/ZnO can be applied as a promising, eco-friendly, cost-effective, and efficient adsorbent for cationic dye removal.

The goal of this study is to design prolonged-release Cloperastine hydrochloride nanoparticles. The emulsion solvent evaporation method was used to produce the nanoparticles made from polymers, such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4M, hydroxypropyl cellulose, xanthan gum, chitosan, and sodium alginate. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate the morphological characteristics of the resultant nanoparticles. The particle size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index of nanoparticle formulations were determined using photon correlation spectroscopy. The drug loading efficiency and drug release profiles of drug-containing formulations were studied by the HPLC method. The prepared formulations exhibited nanoscale particle sizes in the range of 19.74±0.73-49.26±0.25 nm and narrow polydispersity indexes in the range of 0.42±0.02-0.97±0.01. The zeta potential values of the formulations with different compositions were found in the range of -15.21±0.03 to -29.49±0.08, indicating the higher stability of the prepared nanoparticles. In addition, high yield percentage, drug entrapment efficiency, and drug loading values of 94.76±0.37%, 90.52±0.24, and 89.96±0.22 were obtained for the prepared formulations, respectively. According to the results, the formula comprising HPMC K4M and HPC showed highly effective physicochemical and functional properties and released more than 70% of the Cloperastine HCL after 8 hours in drug release studies. The results of this study confirmed that the individual and composite forms of natural polymers in the studied ratio could control the release of Cloperastine hydrochloride and could be used as effective nanoparticulate formulations for controlled release drug delivery of Cloperastine hydrochloride.

Various nanostructures have been widely investigated as alternative materials for hydrogen storage using experimental and computational techniques. Combination of boron fullerenes with metals such as magnesium can be used as hydrogen storage materials. In this research, the electronic properties and topology of magnesium-doped boron fullerenes and their interaction with H2 for hydrogen storage are investigated using density functional theory. By density functional calculations with B3LYP/6-31G//M062X/6-31G** method, the structures of B80, Mg12B80, Mg20B80 and Mg30B80 were optimized and the total energy of each of them are calculated. The charge transfer from Mg to B atoms creates an electric field around Mg atoms with a positive charge. When hydrogen molecules approach the system, the hydrogen molecules become polarized and they are adsorbed to these boron fullerenes doped with Mg atoms. Adding one hydrogen molecule to the B80, Mg12B80, Mg20B80 and Mg30B80 structures, adsorption energies, electronic properties and some molecular descriptors were calculated. The results showed that Mg12B80 has the lowest gap energy (ΔEH-L), the lowest hardness (ƞ), and the highest adsorption energy, which indicates the reactivity and the hydrogen storage ability of this structure is higher than B80, Mg20B80 and Mg30B80.

Titanium dioxide Hombickat UV100 was used as semiconductor for hydrogen production reaction without and with modification by 0.5% single walled carbon nanotubes SWCNTs and platinum Pt. the modification includes synthesize binary composites with SWCNTs by sonochemical addition while with Pt was accrued by photo deposition method. Structural properties and morphology of the synthesized materials SWCNT/UV100, UV100: Pt and ternary composites SWCNT/UV100: Pt with pristine UV100 were characterized by x-ray diffraction, UV-visible diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR. The results showed that SWCNTs reduce the activities of UV100 in producing H2 from solution 10% MeOH/H2O while in the ternary composites SWCNT/UV100: Pt the SWCNTs play very important roles in increase the activity of UV100 with Pt to more than 20%. The role of SWCNTs was related to dispersion Pt with less agglomerates as compare with UV100: Pt and that create more active cites on the surface of UV100-TiO2.UV100 with Pt to more than 20%. The role of SWCNTs was related to dispersion Pt with less agglomerates as compare with UV100: Pt and that create more active cites on the surface of UV100-TiO2.

Asymmetric dimeric liquid crystals (ADLCs) are fascinating and used in fluorescence and nanohybrids. Due to their intermediate condition between solid crystals and isotropic liquids, liquid crystals are important materials. Asymmetric dimeric liquid crystals exhibit remarkable physical and visual properties due to their unique chemical architectures. It covers ADLC synthesis, characteristics, and behavior. Their structural arrangements, which give them chirality, birefringence, and polarizability, are highlighted. Understanding these features unlocks their full potential in many applications. The latter part of the review focuses on the application of ADLCs in fluorescence and nanohybrid systems. These materials have proven to be promising candidates for fluorescence-based devices, owing to their ability to modulate light emission through molecular alignment. Additionally, the incorporation of ADLCs into nanohybrid structures has opened up new avenues in nanotechnology and materials science. Their compatibility with other nanomaterials and their tunable properties makes them suitable for designing novel nanocomposites with enhanced functionalities. Furthermore, the review discusses the challenges and future prospects associated with ADLCs. It highlights the current gaps in research and proposes potential directions for further exploration and development of these fascinating materials. The current review underscores the significance of asymmetric dimeric liquid crystals as a captivating field of study with immense potential in various applications, particularly in fluorescence-based devices and nanohybrid systems. The comprehensive understanding presented here can serve as a valuable resource for researchers and scientists working in liquid crystal chemistry, materials science, and nanotechnology.

Ag2CoTiO4 nanoparticles were synthesized by facile and straightforward sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the prepared nanoparticles have hexagonal phase and are truly consistent with delafossite structure. The prepared Ag2CoTiO4 nanoparticles possess noticeable absorption in visible light region with energy band-gap of 2.43 eV. The morphological features were studied using SEM and TEM analysis, which show the nano-sized spherical morphology for the prepared nanoparticles. FT-IR spectrum clearly affirms formation of metal-oxygen bonds for the prepared nanoparticles. The photocatalytic potential of the nanoparticles was studied for visible light degradation of acid red 88 (AR 88). After 120 min illumination, the highest photocatalytic activity was attained (89.02%) using 30 mg of the loaded nanoparticles. The effect of different experimental conditions was investigated on the photocatalytic efficiency, including various amount of photocatalyst and concentration of H2O2. Recyclability experiment shows that the prepared nanoparticles have a great stability up to 6 consecutive reaction cycles.

Carbon monoxide is a tasteless and odorless gas produced by gas burning engines and the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. Carbon monoxide poisoning occurs due to the respiration of this gas. Lack of proper exhaust and ventilation of it causes poisoning and death. So inhalation of it reduces blood oxygenation and is dangerous. Therefore, timely and correct identification of this gas is important. Carbon monoxide is difficult to detect and can cause other common disorders. Graphene and its derivatives have been widely used for fabrication of gas sensors because they have two-dimensional atomic bonds that can interact by gas molecules. In this study, graphene oxide was used to detect carbon monoxide. In order to improve the response time, the sensitivity of the sensor and its selectivity were composite by silver and manganese nanoparticles. Graphene oxide was prepared by advanced Hummers method. Ultrasonic device was also used to prepare graphene oxide/silver and graphene oxide/manganese nanocomposite. The results show that the sensor prepared by graphene oxide/silver and graphene oxide/manganese nanocomposites are able to detect carbon monoxide at room temperature, with appropriate sensitivity and selectivity.